Abstract
Photoperiodic treatments and reproduction in farm animals. Farm animal productions are frequently tied to the seasons, which explain the seasonal variations in availability of fresh animal products (meat, milk, cheese and eggs). Among farmed species, fishes and birds are generally considered as more directly sensitive to external factors (mainly temperature in fish and photoperiod in birds). Artificial photoperiodic treatments are widely used in numerous species including mammals ; they consist in providing extra-light during natural short days (chickens, turkeys, guinea fowl, sheep and goats), or in the administration of melatonin during long days (goats, sheep). These measures help adjust the breeding season to the requirements of the breeder and/ or cancel completely seasonal variations of sperm production in semen production centres (mammals) as well as in poultry and fish farms. Additionally, pure light treatments (without melatonin), especially when there is outside access, are non invasive and preserve the animals’ integrity and welfare.
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