TRAINING STUDENTS OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS LANDSCAPE PAINTING

Abstract

The problem of how to make teaching methods of landscape painting innovative for students requires the improvement of methodological tools. The analysis of pedagogical and methodological sources made it possible to distinguish between the technological process of a plein-air painting and the landscape sketches and some general mistakes of future painters-teachers. Therefore, there are certain exercises that will help to improve the plein-air painting. These exercises aim to mastering skills of the compositional position of the horizons for perspective structures of the depicted objects, primary color and tonal masses of the sky, the earth, and water to the single source of illumination of objects. An essential aspect for research is an experience of plein-air paintings made by painters of the Barbizon School. This gave us reason to diverse creative tasks based on the sketches. The « integrative » views of M. Krymov, Yu. Shashkov, A. Yalanskyi , V. Viser, M. Volkov on art will contribute to developing the integrated tasks. The purpose of the article is to prove the necessity of implementation of the integrated and creative tasks, various exercises as well. A system of exercises and tasks (from educational to creative ones) provides effective teaching landscape painting. Moreover, integrated artistic activity in teaching landscape painting plays an important role. Mastering the basic concepts of art, which point to understanding the integrity of artistic phenomena, deepens the cultural thesaurus. The aim of the integrated tasks is to realize the unity of the diversity of components of expressive means of art, phenomenon of color in the historical aspect, development of variable and creative thinking; it contributes to comprehensive perception of landscape image through various types of art and creative tasks for its processing and stylization to needs of applied graphics. The problem and creative tasks aim to improving visual memory and observation, the formation of motivation to realize the purpose in the creative search. The heuristic tasks promote individual manifestations of critical thinking during the collective discussion of the problem. The creative tasks point to paraphrasing, transferring oil painting into graphic, decorative, relief, with different atmospheric lighting, in different seasons, weather conditions paintings, etc. The purpose of the propaedeutic exercises is to develop a sense of color and space. The experimental exercises help to find out the possibilities of artistic techniques, materials, tools and their combinations in the perception of one landscape motif. The exploratory exercises aim at mastering compositional solution, color and tone relations in creative research, understanding the received information in order to use it independently and creatively in one’s own creative activity. We consider that the proposed tasks and exercises will enrich the teaching methods of landscape painting as well as develop skills for consistently creation personal strategies in order to solve creative problems and implement a creative idea.