Abstract
The article highlights the urgency of the problem of training engineering and technical professionals, taking into account the development of technology and social challenges of the market economy. Emphasis is placed on the need to ensure gender equality in the choice of engineering professions, equal opportunities for men and women. The essence of the concepts: “gender”, “gender pedagogy”, “gender culture”, “gender socialization”, “gender stereotypes”, “gender competence”, “gender education”, “gender inequality”, “gender roles” and others are substantiated. It is determined that gender studies are of great interest for pedagogical and psychological science, as they relate to the gender-role socialization of a person, his/her personal and professional development. The results of an empirical study on gender stereotypes in occupational choice among students of Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas are presented (110 people took part in the survey). It has been revealed that gender is not the prerogative of many young people in engineering profession choice, however, such stereotypes still exist in the society. It was proven that for future professionals in this field, gender discrimination took place in their lives (28.4% of respondents) and it is mostly female who acquire technical professions. One third of students (32%) admitted that they had faced cases of unequal wages to men and women. It has been proven that negative gender stereotypes are more subjective than objective, which gives hope for a fundamental possibility of overcoming them in the training of specialists at the Technical University.
Highlights
In modern conditions, the problem of training engineering and technical specialists, competitive in the labor market, capable of professional self-improvement and use of innovations in professional work is especially relevant
“Gender is a social feature of human sex, which in contrast to biological sex is formed on the basis of gender consciousness, in the process of gender roles and under the influence of social relations and cultural factors at macro, meso- and micro-level” [3, p. 26]
It is no coincidence that the term “gender pedagogy” has appeared in the modern scientific literature, which is interpreted as an interdisciplinary component of pedagogical science that studies
Summary
The problem of training engineering and technical specialists, competitive in the labor market, capable of professional self-improvement and use of innovations in professional work is especially relevant. The problem of improving the quality of professional training of engineers, in particular in Ukraine, is due to the “need to provide industrial enterprises of the national economy with qualified, proactive staff on the basis of thorough training, who quickly adapt to changing market conditions, creatively show active independence in solving professional problems of organizing resource-saving technologies for the production of competitive goods and engineering services” [9]. It is no coincidence that the Association Agreement with the EU refers, inter alia, to “ensuring gender equality and equal opportunities for men and women in employment, education and training, economic and Training of Engineer-Technical Specialists: Gender Stereotypes in the Professional Sphere 73 social activities, as well as in the decision-making process” [1]. Despite the declaration of "equal opportunities" for men and women in mastering a profession, stereotypes in Ukraine about “male” or “female” specialties still prevail among a large number of citizens [18, p. 33]
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