Abstract
<p class="ql-align-justify">Developments in chemistry paved the way for the use of poisonous gases during World War I. Despite a protocol having been signed in Geneva in 1925, the development and use of poisonous gases could not be prevented. Numerous countries began to hold courses to train civilians in order to raise awareness and teach self-protection. The Turkish Republic was among them. While institutions held conferences, special courses were added to the secondary and high school curricula. Members of various professions such as doctors, pharmacists, teachers and chemists who were trained in such courses taught about poisonous gases to administrators, civil servants, and firemen, as well as to the general population. After a short introducton on the use of poisonous gases in Europe, this present article will first study the laws and bylaws issued in Turkey. Then it will focus on courses held to protect Turkish civilians from possible toxic gas attacks throughout the period between WW1 and WW2.
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