Abstract
The article deals with the role of Classical Greek tragedies in the Hellenistic period and their influence on the poetry of that period. The importance of Hellenistic drama was much less than that of Classical drama. Old tragedies were performed, studied and edited during all the Hellenistic period. The poets of that period are known as poetae docti, they had got a good knowledge of the poetry of the past centuries. One of the Hellenistic poets Moschus lived and wrote during the second century B. C. He was grammarian, a pupil of Alexandrian philologist Aristarchus. Like many others Hellenistic poets, Moschus wrote bucolic poetry, short epic poems and epigrams. His language is very closely Homeric. The analysis of the poets’ short epic poems Megara and especially his masterpiece Europe reveals that Moschus was derivative author and used many litterary sources, not only Homer and Hellenistic poetry (Theocritus, Apollonius Rhodius), but an Attic tragedy as well. The traces of influence of Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides on Moschus’ poetry are analysed (Aesch. Pers. 181–187; Soph. frg. 881; Eur. frg. 820 etc.).
Highlights
Helenistinës epochos graikø literatûroje tampa madingi trumpieji þanrai
Kaip ir jo pirmtakas Teokritas, matyt, paliko gimtàjà Sicilijà, atvyko á Egiptà ir apsigyveno Aleksandrijoje, garsëjusioje didþiule biblioteka ir mokslo bei mokymo ástaiga Mûsëjumi
Kai jie priplaukë Kretà, dievu vël Dzeusas atvirto, Juostà Europës atriðo, o Horos jiems guolá paklojo, Ir mergaitë tada tuoj Dzeuso þmona pasidarë, Motina tapo vëliau, pagimdþiusi sûnus Kronidui
Summary
Helenistinës epochos graikø literatûroje tampa madingi trumpieji þanrai. Iðpopuliarëja epilijai, himnai, bukolikos, epigramos. Atkreipdami dëmesá á didþiulá poveiká, kurá Moscho kûrybai padarë Homero ir Apolonijo Rodieèio epas bei Teokrito idilës, antikinës literatûros specialistai (Hopkinson, 1988, 200–215; Giangrande, 1969, 181–184; Schmiel, 1981, 261–272 ir kiti), atrodo, per maþai dëmesio skiria klausimui, kokià átakà Moscho epilijams turëjo klasikinio laikotarpio tragikai, su kuriø kûryba poetas, kaip ir kiti iðsilavinimu garsëjæ to meto kûrëjai, buvo gerai susipaþinæs. Iki Moscho graikø literatûroje Europë minima palyginti retai: tik vienàkart apie ðià herojæ (nenurodydamas jos vardo) kalba Homeras Antikiniai ðaltiniai nurodo, kad mità apie Europës pagrobimà savo tragedijoje Friksas buvo panaudojæs ir Euripidas Ijo ir Europæ sieja ne tik genealoginis (Ijo buvo Europës proprosenelë), bet ir simbolinis ryðys – abiejø ðiø herojø likimas panaðus, abi jos tampa Dzeuso aistros objektu, abiem tenka apleisti gimtuosius namus, apsigyventi sveèioje ðalyje, abiejø mituose ápintas pasivertimas gyvuliu (karve arba jauèiu) bei plaukimas jûra. Ið patalø staiga nusigandus paðoko Europë, Dauþës ðirdis, nes sapnas jai rodës ne sapnas – tikrovë
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