Abstract
Elderly people are not likely to recognize road signs due to low cognitive ability and presbyopia. In our study, three shapes of traffic symbols (circles, squares, and triangles) which are most commonly used in road driving were used to evaluate the elderly drivers’ recognition. When traffic signs are randomly shown in HUD (head-up display), subjects compare them with the symbol displayed outside of the vehicle. In this test, we conducted a Go/Nogo test and determined the differences in ERP (event-related potential) data between correct and incorrect answers of EEG signals. As a result, the wrong answer rate for the elderly was 1.5 times higher than for the youths. All generation groups had a delay of 20–30 ms of P300 with incorrect answers. In order to achieve clearer differentiation, ERP data were modeled with unsupervised machine learning and supervised deep learning. The young group’s correct/incorrect data were classified well using unsupervised machine learning with no pre-processing, but the elderly group’s data were not. On the other hand, the elderly group’s data were classified with a high accuracy of 75% using supervised deep learning with simple signal processing. Our results can be used as a basis for the implementation of a personalized safe driving system for the elderly.
Highlights
The reason elderly people have a high mortality rate in traffic accidents is due to their physical weakness
In order to distinguish between the correct answers and incorrect answers, the correct answer was modeled with Gaussian mixture model (GMM)
event-related potential (ERP) data, and similarity was classified through GMM, but the data of the elderly were not clearly differentiated compared to the young, so a more effective classifier was needed
Summary
The reason elderly people have a high mortality rate in traffic accidents is due to their physical weakness. The elderly have a low driving frequency, but they are likely to lead to large-scale accidents. The elderly have various difficulties such as in judging the speed of other vehicles, changing lanes, etc These problems are mainly caused by the elderly’s low cognitive ability, and the decline in their physical abilities such as impaired vision and neck rotation problems. For this reason, studies on the characteristics of the elderly and their reaction time in response to various driving events is very important for preventing traffic accidents [3]
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