Abstract
Several traffic modeling tools are currently available for evacuation planning and real-time decision support during emergencies. This paper reviews potential traffic-modeling approaches in the context of wildland-urban interface (WUI) fire-evacuation applications. Existing modeling approaches and features are evaluated pertaining to fire-related, spatial, and demographic factors; intended application (planning or decision support); and temporal issues. This systematic review shows the importance of the following modeling approaches: dynamic modeling structures, considering behavioral variability and route choice; activity-based models for short-notice evacuation planning; and macroscopic traffic simulation for real-time evacuation management. Subsequently, the modeling features of 22 traffic models and applications currently available in practice and the literature are reviewed and matched with the benchmark features identified for WUI fire applications. Based on this review analysis, recommendations are made for developing traffic models specifically applicable to WUI fire evacuation, including possible integrations with wildfire and pedestrian models.
Highlights
Fires propagating near urban areas may often result in vehicle evacuations (Westhaver, 2017)
We review potential traffic modelling approaches in the context of Wildland-Urban-Interface (WUI) fire evacuation applications
This systematic review shows the importance of the following modelling approaches: dynamic modelling structures, considering behavioural variability and en-route choice; activity-based models for short-notice evacuation planning; macroscopic traffic simulation for real-time evacuation management
Summary
Fires propagating near urban areas may often result in vehicle evacuations (Westhaver, 2017). The contribution of this article is not just to produce a systematic review of previous research in the field of traffic evacuation modelling in case of wildfires/WUI fires, but may help practitioners and developers of WUI-specific traffic evacuation models/applications, who may directly consider the discussion concerning the most suitable approach to be used for each modelling step. For this aim, a consistent review methodology was used, explained as follows. These studies were discussed in the appropriate sections, according to the specific simulation step of evacuees’ behaviour to which they are referred
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