Abstract
In this study, we explored to combine traffic maps and smartphone trajectories to model traffic air pollution, exposure and health impact. The approach was step-by-step modeling through the causal chain: engine emission, traffic density versus traffic velocity, traffic pollution concentration, exposure along individual trajectories, and health risk. A generic street with 100 km/h speed limit was used as an example to test the model. A single fixed-time trajectory had maximum exposure at velocity of 45 km/h at maximum pollution concentration. The street population had maximum exposure shifted to a velocity of 15 km/h due to the congestion density of vehicles. The shift is a universal effect of exposure. In this approach, nearly every modeling step of traffic pollution depended on traffic velocity. A traffic map is a super-efficient pre-processor for calculating real-time traffic pollution exposure at global scale using big data analytics.
Highlights
Traffic pollution is the dominant source of air pollution in most metropolitan areas and has major health effects. 50% of the world’s population lives in urban areas covering only 0.4% of the earth’s surface, and 70% are projected to live in urban areas by 2050 [1]
We explored to combine traffic maps and smartphone trajectories to model traffic air pollution, exposure and health impact
A traffic map is a super-efficient pre-processor for calculating real-time traffic pollution exposure at global scale using big data analytics
Summary
Traffic pollution is the dominant source of air pollution in most metropolitan areas and has major health effects. 50% of the world’s population lives in urban areas covering only 0.4% of the earth’s surface, and 70% are projected to live in urban areas by 2050 [1]. Traffic pollution is the dominant source of air pollution in most metropolitan areas and has major health effects. In many European cities, industrial air pollution is being replaced by traffic pollution [2]. Liu accounts for 93% of the air pollution [3] [4]. Air pollution levels exceed the guideline maximum levels established by the WHO (World Health Organization) to protect human health. US EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency) claims that 45 million people in the US are living, working, or attending school within 300 feet (91 m) of a major road, airport or railroad [9]. Some cities provide air quality information to the public [10] [11], but not individualized information [12] [13]
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