Abstract
This paper proposes an improved Traffic Class Prioritization based Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance (TCP-CSMA/CA) scheme for prioritized channel access to heterogenous-natured Bio-Medical Sensor Nodes (BMSNs) for IEEE 802.15.4 Medium Access Control (MAC) in intra-Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs). The main advantage of the scheme is to provide prioritized channel access to heterogeneous-natured BMSNs of different traffic classes with reduced packet delivery delay, packet loss, and energy consumption, and improved throughput and packet delivery ratio (PDR). The prioritized channel access is achieved by assigning a distinct, minimized and prioritized backoff period range to each traffic class in every backoff during contention. In TCP-CSMA/CA, the BMSNs are distributed among four traffic classes based on the existing patient’s data classification. The Backoff Exponent (BE) starts from 1 to remove the repetition of the backoff period range in the third, fourth, and fifth backoffs. Five moderately designed backoff period ranges are proposed to assign a distinct, minimized, and prioritized backoff period range to each traffic class in every backoff during contention. A comprehensive verification using NS-2 was carried out to determine the performance of the TCP-CSMA/CA in terms of packet delivery delay, throughput, PDR, packet loss ratio (PLR) and energy consumption. The results prove that the proposed TCP-CSMA/CA scheme performs better than the IEEE 802.15.4 based PLA-MAC, eMC-MAC, and PG-MAC as it achieves a 47% decrease in the packet delivery delay and a 63% increase in the PDR.
Highlights
Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) provide unsupervised, inconspicuous and real-time continuous health monitoring and are used in various applications, such as medical, personal healthcare, consumer electronics, military, sports and fitness, entertainment and rehabilitation systems.WBANs create advancement in human healthcare by offering proactive management and early diagnosis of various diseases
(1) In terms of different number of Bio-Medical Sensor Nodes (BMSNs) which are varied from 1 to 14, and (2) In terms of various traffic classes of TCP-Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) conducted with respect to varying time in seconds
The PLA-Medium Access Control (MAC) uses variable Ti instead of Backoff Exponent (BE) for traffic prioritization in CSMA/CA, which results in each traffic class using a distinct backoff period range
Summary
Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) provide unsupervised, inconspicuous and real-time continuous health monitoring and are used in various applications, such as medical, personal healthcare, consumer electronics, military, sports and fitness, entertainment and rehabilitation systems.WBANs create advancement in human healthcare by offering proactive management and early diagnosis of various diseases. BMSNs can either be well placed on the body or on the cloths (wearable) or inside the body (implanted) [2,3,4,5] These BMSNs are tiny, intelligent, and light-weight, which consume low energy and the network of these BMSNs facilitates the medical users to observe the health of patients continuously and to generate real-time feedback [6]. These BMSNs are responsible for sending the sensory vital-signs information to the local base station known as Body Coordinator (BC), located on or near the human body
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