Traditional uses, phytochemistry and biological activities of Parkia timoriana (DC.) Merr., an underutilized multipurpose tree bean: a review

Abstract

Tree bean, Parkia timoriana (DC.) Merr. (Fabaceae) is an underutilized nutritious leguminous tree found in North-eastern states of India and other Southeast Asian countries. Ethnobotanically, tree bean has much importance among the ethnic groups in various states of Northeast India. Decoctions of bark, fruit and leaf parts are used to treat various diseases. Right from flowers and tender pods to mature seeds of this plant are edible, provide a good source of nutrients and fetch high market price during particular seasons. Cultivation of this tree will not compete with other legumes in an existing field and it could be a supplementary source of vegetable proteins if properly exploited. Anti-nutritional factors, total free phenols, tannins and lectins can be eliminated if the seeds are properly processed by heating or cooking since these factors are heat-labile. Only a few researchers worked on phyto-constituents of the plant with lacuna in nutritional studies and pharmacological activities. The plant has been reported to possess antioxidant, α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory properties, antibacterial, antidiabetic, antiproliferative and insecticidal activities. Though it has much importance in commercial purposes, research and knowledge on this wonder plant is meagre and its utilization for human consumption has not yet been fully exploited. The present review is aimed to provide a botanical description and highlights ethnobotanical uses, nutritional value and biological activities along with its toxicity and future prospects.