Abstract
The sol-gel method is an attractive synthetic approach in the design of advanced catalytic formulations that are based on metal and metal oxide with high degree of structural and compositional homogeneity. Nowadays, though it originated with the hydrolysis and condensation of metal alkoxides, sol-gel chemistry gathers plenty of fascinating strategies to prepare materials from solution state precursors. Low temperature chemistry, reproducibility, and high surface to volume ratios of obtained products are features that add merit to this technology. The development of different and fascinating procedure was fostered by the availability of new molecular precursors, chelating agents and templates, with the great advantage of tailoring the physico-chemical properties of the materials through the manipulation of the synthesis conditions. The aim of this review is to present an overview of the “traditional” sol-gel synthesis of tailored and multifunctional inorganic materials and their application in the main domain of heterogeneous catalysis. One of the main achievements is to stress the versatility of sol-gel preparation by highlighting its advantage over other preparation methods through some specific examples of the synthesis of catalysts.
Highlights
Because of their potential applications in most of the industrial chemical processes, metal oxides are of tremendous current interest to scientists and engineers
The aim of this review is to present an overview of the “traditional” sol-gel synthesis of tailored and multifunctional inorganic materials and their application in the main domain of heterogeneous catalysis
Our intended audience is researchers that are working on the catalytic process who may benefit from knowing how to exploit the versatility of the “traditional” sol gel method
Summary
Because of their potential applications in most of the industrial chemical processes, metal oxides are of tremendous current interest to scientists and engineers. The synthesis strategies are devoted to address some main points since the conversion of reagents into product takes place over surface ensembles of atoms: increase the number of sites, control the nature of active sites, and enable the accessibility of the reactant to the active sites [4,5,6,7,8,9,10] These requirements are generally obtained by deposition of the active component on the surface of a support, which is able to disperse the metal, and to increase its thermal stability and the catalyst life [1,11,12]. Our intended audience is researchers that are working on the catalytic process who may benefit from knowing how to exploit the versatility of the “traditional” sol gel method
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