Abstract
Abstract The article problematizes the questions of identities and territories, and the forms of resilience in contemporary Brazil, based on the correlation between power, territoriality, State and development, emphasizing situations of vulnerability of indigenous peoples, quilombos, peoples and traditional communities, as well as their fights for recognition, access to land/territory and other rights. The developmentalist perspective adopted by the Brazilian State has resulted in a series of impacts on territories and ways of life, resulting in deficits of citizenship for various historically excluded groups. This situation has worsened over the last few years with a political setting of demographic regression (revocation of legal frameworks, dissolution of social oversight bodies, dismantling of State apparatuses, cancelation of social programs, budget cuts), in line with hegemonic interests and projects. The article also problematizes the work of the anthropologist in the processes of recognizing collective and territorial rights, in dialogue with the judicial field, the federal government and social movements.
Highlights
Brazil is a country of continental dimensions and mega-diversity, both in terms of the peoples and communities that compose it, and in relation to numerous biomes and ecosystems associated with their territories and ways of life
Today Social Oversight Forums have been created in various federal states, most of them joint entities, and diverse laws and decrees have been issued protecting the territorial, social, cultural and political rights of traditional peoples and communities – for example Law 21.147 of January 14, 2014, to which I contributed, today already in force and whose first effects are being felt in terms of formal recognition of the identities and land regularization of vacant state lands to the benefit of local communities
Some specific threats are worth highlighting: the Direct Action on Unconstitutionality put into effect by the Democratas Party in relation to Decree 4887/2003; PEC 215, which transfers to Congress decisions concerning the demarcation and regularization of indigenous lands and the territories of quilombola communities and traditional peoples and communities; the CPI introduced in the Chamber of Deputies against the work of FUNAI, INCRA and anthropologists in land regularization processes, which has been shelved but may return; among other risks
Summary
Brazil is a country of continental dimensions and mega-diversity, both in terms of the peoples and communities that compose it, and in relation to numerous biomes and ecosystems associated with their territories and ways of life.
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