Abstract
Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular disease and the third most common cause of death after ischemic heart disease. Increasing attention is being paid to finding effective treatments through traditional medicine. Thus, studying the traditional medicine for the treatment of ischemic stroke is of great importance. Traditional medicine in China includes traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and other ethnic medicines, which is rich in variety and resources. This review first introduces the treatment mechanisms associated with ischemic stroke, such as antioxidant nitrification, antiexcitotoxic, antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, antiplatelet and anticoagulation mechanisms. Then, we calculated the frequency of prescription use for ischemic stroke and summarized the treatments for ischemic stroke by investigating 13 drug monographs and standards. We found 192 prescriptions from the traditional medical system for ischemic stroke, including Angong Niuhuang pill, Qishiwei Zhenzhu Pills, Ginkgo biloba leaf, and other traditional Chinese patent medicines and national medicines. There were 398 kinds of traditional medicine, including 301 kinds of plant-based medicines, 54 kinds of animal-based medicines, 28 kinds of mineral-based medicines, and 15 kinds of other medicines. We introduced the names, families, medicinal components, traditional uses, phytochemical information, and pharmacological activities of the commonly used Chinese patent medicines and TCMs. In addition, some chemicals were introduced. These medicines may be potential candidates for the treatment of ischemic stroke. This work provides a reference for the research and clinical use of new drugs for ischemic stroke.
Highlights
Stroke is a kind of acute cerebrovascular disease
The results indicated that MF exerted a certain antioxidant effect and improved the level of oxidative stress induced by ischemia-reperfusion in rat brain tissues
The rhinoceros horn in the modern formula of Angong Niuhuang pill is replaced with a buffalo horn, and the natural bezoar is replaced with an artificial bezoar
Summary
Stroke is a kind of acute cerebrovascular disease. Brain tissue damage or dysfunction caused by the sudden rupture or blockage of cerebral vessels prevents blood flow into the brain. Stroke is the third most common cause of death (4.5%) after ischemic heart disease (6.1%) [1]. In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), hemorrhagic stroke is caused by wind yang harassing the upper body and internal disturbances of the phlegm fire, which results in Qi and blood disorders. Known as cerebral infarction, refers to a clinical syndrome caused by the lack of blood supply in the brain and results in local brain ischemia and hypoxic necrosis, along with corresponding neurological deficits. Chinese material medicine includes substances used to prevent, treat, and diagnose diseases and mediate rehabilitation and health care under the guidance of TCM theories. In addition to thrombolytic drugs and anticoagulants, Ligusticum chuanxiong, safflower, musk, and other traditional medicines play important roles in the treatment of ischemic stroke by promoting blood circulation, removing stasis, and improving hemodynamics. A summary of these traditional medicines can provide a reference for the development of new traditional medicines for clinical use in the treatment of ischemic stroke
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