Traditional knowledge, phytochemistry, and pharmacological properties of the African genus Scadoxus (Amaryllidaceae)

Abstract

The genus Scadoxus (family: Amaryllidaceae) is native to Africa and it comprises a great variety of ornamental, medicinal, and poisonous plant species. In India, it is represented by only a single species, Scadoxus multiflorus . The genus has a wide range of traditional uses. However, scientific validation of the traditional uses requires extensive pharmacognostic research along with toxicity and safety evaluation. Various scientific databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Web of Science were utilized to search the research articles for this review. This review work is a comprehensive study of the genus Scadoxus about its taxonomy, geographical distribution, traditional uses, phytochemistry, toxicity, and pharmacological activities for the first time. • This review followed the articles during the period of 1958 – 2022 (64 years) and aims to give a piece of comprehensive knowledge about the genus Scadoxus for the first time. • The African genus, Scadoxus , is rich in various bioactive compounds but its phytochemistry and pharmacological activities are still now underrated. • Most of the species are concentrated in various regions of Africa, especially in South Africa. A single member has worldwide distribution and is also found in India. • Pharmacological activities like antimicrobial, cholinesterase inhibitory, cytotoxic, antioxidant, neuroprotective, immunostimulatory, and analgesic activities are reported here. • A special concern is needed to conserve the single representative, Scadoxus multiflorus , of this genus in India.