Abstract
Eupatorium lindleyanum DC. (EL) has a long history of traditional use in China to cure coughs, chronic bronchitis, lobar pneumonia, and hypertension. Because of this extensive use of EL in traditional medicine, this present review gives a systematic overview of the conventional applications, phytochemistry, and pharmacological effects of the herb. Literature was systematically searched using the scientific databases ScienceDirect, SciFinder, CNKI, Wiley, Baidu Scholar, SpringerLink, PubMed, Web of Science, and other professional websites. Information was also gathered from books on traditional Chinese herbal medicine, the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and Chinese Materia Medica. To date, many preparations of EL have been widely used clinically to treat various diseases of the respiratory system. More than 100 compounds have been isolated from the herb, including triterpenes, sesquiterpenes, sesquiterpene lactones, flavonoids, acyclic diterpenoids, sterols, and so on. Among them, terpenoids are considered to be the most important bioactive substances in EL. The pharmacological functions of EL, including anti-asthmatic, anti-tussive, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-hypertensive, anti-virus, and anti-tumor activities, have been widely investigated. However, most of the studies are preclinical research. Further studies are required to examine the underlying mechanisms of action. Traditionally, EL is used for treating many diseases, especially respiratory diseases. Unfortunately, up to now, modern studies have not yet well elucidated the conventional usage of EL. Most importantly, its biological activities and the corresponding constituents are still unclear. Moreover, studies on the pharmacokinetics and toxicity of EL are few, so data on the clinical safety of EL are lacking. Taken together, research work on EL is quite preliminary. More in-depth studies of phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity of the herb are needed. This review aims to provide valuable information on EL to guide future investigations and applications.
Highlights
Eupatorium lindleyanum DC. (EL) (Figure 1), known as “Yemazhui,” has been traditionally used to treat coughs, chronic bronchitis, and hypertension for thousands of years in China (Editorial Committee of the Administration Bureau of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1998)
Jiawei Yemazhui capsule was effective in treating patients with chronic bronchitis with the syndrome type of phlegm-heat obstructing lung with a cure rate of 94.44% Sustained-release preparation of Yemazhui was effective in treating roosters with bronchitis with a cure rate of 82%
Yemazhui syrup was effective in treating patients with Jiangsu Hospital of lobar pneumonia
Summary
Eupatorium lindleyanum DC. (EL) (Figure 1), known as “Yemazhui,” has been traditionally used to treat coughs, chronic bronchitis, and hypertension for thousands of years in China (Editorial Committee of the Administration Bureau of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1998). Jiangsu Province plant is considered to be an authentic herb. EL has been recorded in the China (Pharmacopoeia, 1977), the Jiangsu Provincial Standard of Local Medicinal Materials 1988, and the China National pharmacopoeia commission, 2015). It possesses the functions of reducing phlegm and relieving cough and asthma (National Pharmacopoeia Commission, 2015). Several types of constituents have been isolated from EL, such as sesquiterpenes, diterpenoids, triterpenoids, volatile oil, flavonoids, and so on (Ito et al, 1979; Yang et al, 2003; Huo et al, 2004; Qian et al, 2004; Yang et al, 2005a; Huo et al, 2006; Ye et al, 2008; Wu et al, 2012a). We have undertaken to make a detailed review of EL by searching a variety of literature from different databases
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