Abstract
The majority of the architectural research focusing on Hungarian architecture in the Interwar period, has to date, mainly analysed buildings with regard to international modern architecture and the steps leading to the development of modern church architecture. This research has however, only marginally expanded to include Evangelical Lutheran church architecture. The present article undertakes a complex research on a special building type, which increased between the World Wars and was determined by a geometric centralised ground plan based on both national and international architectural tradition. Lutheran churches built between the World Wars with central ground plans are analysed from both a liturgical perspective, examining the theological aspect and the use of space, and also from the tradition of the ground plans.
Highlights
Architecture and church architecture of the Interwar period might be apostrophised as the investigation of solutions
Gyula Sándy, the frequently employed Lutheran architect, refers to the process: “Conclusions of great Wars motivated the faithful souls by vivid activity in the field of ecclesiastical life. [...] Far from the War-years, the activity of believers decreased; until the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, new church constructions could hardly be found until World War I, when, in spite of the critical economic situation, more churches were built in Hungary in 10-15 years than one century before.” [16, p. 459] The increased number of Lutheran churches between the Wars was characteristically varied in both style and the applied structures of the ground plans
Lutheran churches were mainly built with a regular polygon arrangement and Calvinist churches applied odd polygon ground-plans, the Lutheran-Calvinist temples were usually constructed as triangular or octagonal forms; Sturm mentioned the triangular form, emphasising its difficulties. [19, p. 39] Johannes Otzen had researched the perfectly suitable ground plans for Lutheran churches in accordance with the Wiesbaden Programme in 1891
Summary
Architecture and church architecture of the Interwar period might be apostrophised as the investigation of solutions. Centralising tendencies in Protestant church architecture need to briefly be reviewed to see distinctly the preliminary of the form and the tradition, on which 20th century churches were referred to, and the measures, which appointed the direction of how to plan and build Lutheran churches.
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