Abstract
Trading of crude drugs between China and Russia appeared before the 19(th) century. By then, exports of Chinese crude drugs to Russia were mainly plants, with Radix et Rhizoma Rhei as the most exported one, followed by both dietary and medicinal aromatic plants, such as fennel, cinnamon bark, pepper, ginger, and Radix Angelica sinensis, and quinine. Imports of Russian drugs were mainly of animal ones, especially those valuable animals like musk sac. In 1854, the importation of a large amount of such sac, numbering as many as 70 000, was very remarkable. Other drugs included stag antler, tender horn of deer, demonstrating typically the regional and productive characteristics of Russia.
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