Abstract
An employee on way back to his office glances at illuminated screen of a nearby computer. He sees small trash can in lower right corner; graphics of labeled folders, documents, and applications in center; and a strip of words across top of screen. He immediately assumes that computer is an Apple Macintosh. A spreadsheet programmer determines that an application program requires her to use a backslash to access multi-layered command menus and to strike first letter of layered menu items in sequence in order to execute any series of commands. She knows software must be Lotus 1-2-3. Apple and Lotus realize that computer users rely on these elements to identify computer programs.' Accordingly, both companies have invested time and money to build consumer recognition of their programs and have sought legal protection for their user interfaces.2 A personal computer's user interface is the means by which software and user interact.' Audio-visual displays are most obvious means of communicating with user, but user interface also includes other elements of computer system such as keyboard and printer.4 The look and feel of
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