Abstract
This study aims to design, develop, and evaluate the traction performance of an electric all-wheel-drive (AWD) tractor based on the power transmission and electric systems. The power transmission system includes the electric motor, helical gear reducer, planetary gear reducer, and tires. The electric system consists of a battery pack and charging system. An engine-generator and charger are installed to supply electric energy in emergency situations. The load measurement system consists of analog (current) and digital (battery voltage and rotational speed of the electric motor) components using a controller area network (CAN) bus. A traction test of the electric AWD tractor was performed towing a test vehicle. The output torques of the tractor motors during the traction test were calculated using the current and torque curves provided by the motor manufacturer. The agricultural work performance is verified by comparing the torque and rpm (T–N) curve of the motor with the reduction ratio applied. The traction is calculated using torque and specifications of the wheel, and traction performance is evaluated using tractive efficiency (TE) and dynamic ratio (DR). The results suggest a direction for the improvement of the electric drive system in agricultural research by comparison with the conventional tractor through the analysis of the agricultural performance and traction performance of the electric AWD tractor.
Highlights
Introduction iationsThe fuel consumption of agricultural machinery continues to increase in Korea, increasing the seriousness of environmental pollution [1,2]; the Technology Innovation and Emissions Reduction (TIER) regulations for Diesel engines have been strengthened
This study aims to provide useful information for the design optimization of the electric AWD tractors by designing and developing an electric AWD tractor based on the power transmission and electric systems
The torque that appears in the negative direction of the y-axis was generated by the reverse rotation of the motor, as the load increased while the brake system of the traction performance test vehicle was operated
Summary
The fuel consumption of agricultural machinery continues to increase in Korea, increasing the seriousness of environmental pollution [1,2]; the Technology Innovation and Emissions Reduction (TIER) regulations for Diesel engines have been strengthened. To combat these actions, research into the development of an electric drive power transmission system for agricultural machinery is actively in progress [3,4,5,6]. An electric vehicle using an electric motor can be classified as hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), such as serial hybrids and parallel hybrids, and battery electric vehicle (BEV) [8,9,10]. The serial and parallel hybrids use an electric motor in common, but the Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
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