Abstract
BackgroundAlthough some healthcare reforms such as Health Transformation Plan (HTP) were implemented in Iran to provide required healthcare services, few studies have been conducted to track the impacts of these reforms on socio-economic inequality in healthcare utilization. This study aims to track socio-economic inequalities in healthcare utilization and their changes between 2008 and 2016 in Iran.MethodsRequired data were obtained from two of Iran’s utilization of healthcare services survey conducted in 2008 and 2016. Erreygers concentration index (EI) was used to measure inequality in the utilization of outpatient and inpatient healthcare services (UOH and UIH). The decomposition of EI (DEI) was used to explain healthcare utilization inequality. Oaxaca decomposition (OD) was also employed to track the changes in EI in this period.ResultInequality in UOH increased from 0.105 to 0.133 in the studied years, indicating the pro-rich distribution of UOH. Inequality in UIH decreased from 0.0558 to − 0.006. DEI showed that economic status was the main factor that contributed to inequality in the UOH and UIH. OD showed that residence in rural areas and supplementary insurance were the main contributing factors in the increased inequality of UOH. Moreover, OD also showed that economic status was the main contributing factor in the reduced inequality of UIH.ConclusionWhile Iran still suffers from significant socio-economic inequalities in UOH, it seems that healthcare reforms, especially HTP, have reduced UIH inequality. Expanding healthcare reforms into the outpatient sector and also implementing effective health financing policies could be recommended as a remedy against UOH inequality.
Highlights
Some healthcare reforms such as Health Transformation Plan (HTP) were implemented in Iran to provide required healthcare services, few studies have been conducted to track the impacts of these reforms on socio-economic inequality in healthcare utilization
While Iran still suffers from significant socio-economic inequalities in utilization of the outpatient healthcare services (UOH), it seems that healthcare reforms, especially HTP, have reduced Utilization of Inpatient Healthcare Services (UIH) inequality
Expanding healthcare reforms into the outpatient sector and implementing effective health financing policies could be recommended as a remedy against UOH inequality
Summary
Some healthcare reforms such as Health Transformation Plan (HTP) were implemented in Iran to provide required healthcare services, few studies have been conducted to track the impacts of these reforms on socio-economic inequality in healthcare utilization. Equitable utilization of healthcare services for those in need without suffering from financial hardship has been emphasized in the universal health coverage (UHC) paradigm [1,2,3]. Vahedi et al BMC Public Health (2020) 20:929 services could deteriorate inequality in health outcomes and increase morbidity and mortality, especially among disadvantaged groups [8]. These inequalities are not restricted to less-developed countries [9] but have been reported from developed countries in Europe [10], America [11], and Asia [12]. Tracking health inequalities and trying to explain the factors affecting them are crucial to the health systems to boost their performance [13]
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