Tracking DNA Excited States by Picosecond-Time-Resolved Infrared Spectroscopy: Signature Band for a Charge-Transfer Excited State in Stacked Adenine–Thymine Systems

Abstract

UV photoexcitation of an adenine–thymine heterodimer (ApT) in D2O yields a complex transient infrared signature in the 1500–1600 cm–1 spectral region. The spectral dynamics fit well to a biexponential decay assignable to two transient species. The first, a short-lived species with a lifetime of ca. 5 ps, originates from the vibrationally hot electronic ground state of the unstacked form of the dinucleotide. The second species is longer-lived (ca. 75 ps), and its yield correlates to the amount of stacked dinucleotide present in solution. We assign the longer-lived component to a charge-transfer (A•+pT•–) state by comparison with calculated spectra for the adenine radical cation and thymine radical anion. Significantly, the CT feature is also identified in UV-excited [poly(dA-dT)]2. This experimental observation gives a powerful insight into how base–base interactions lead to extended-lifetime electronic excited states of the nucleic acid bases and how a dimeric structure controls the relaxation pathway.