Abstract
This study was done to analyse the growth performance of Sarawak white and black pepper from the year 1990 to 2019. Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) method was used to measure the growth performance. From the study, it is found that the area of cultivation and local consumption have increased for the overall period by 1.531 percent and 10.016 per percent per annum. The production and export performance for the overall period have decreased by -0.879 percent and -3.501 percent per annum. The findings suggest that an apt price stabilizing policy needs to be enacted to protect pepper producers from experiencing the negative impact of price fluctuations.
Highlights
Pepper or known as Piper nigrum L, is originated from the Western Ghats of India
The total decline in the production of black pepper during the period was by -6.172 percent per annum, yet there was a significant increase in the production of white pepper by 6.172 percent per annum
The production of black pepper decreased by 3.640 percent per annum and white pepper increased by 11.39 percent per annum
Summary
Pepper or known as Piper nigrum L, is originated from the Western Ghats of India. Pepper plants are widely cultivated in many tropical climate countries such as India, Brazil, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Vietnam, and China. These are some of the countries that are producing pepper mainly for exports and partly for the local consumption. This perennial plant adapts and grows well between 20o North to 20o South of the equator, which are of tropical temperate. Pepper plant requires rainfall between 2000 to 3000mm with a suitable environmental temperature between 23oC to 32oC (Sivaraman, Kandiannan, Peter, & Thankamani, 1999) This plant is very sensitive to drought and flood. Malaysia is currently on 5th rank for pepper export (International Pepper Community, 2019)
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