Abstract
Dendrobe (Dendrobium spp.) is a traditional medicinal and edible food, which is rich in nutrients and contains biologically active metabolites. The quality and price of dendrobe are related to its geographical origins, and high quality dendrobe is often imitated by low quality dendrobe in the market. In this work, near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy sensor combined with porphyrin and chemometrics was used to distinguish 360 dendrobe samples from twelve different geographical origins. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLSDA) was used to study the sensing performance of traditional NIR and tera-(4-methoxyphenyl)-porphyrin (TMPP)-NIR on the identification of dendrobe origin. In the PLSDA model, the recognition rate of the training and prediction set of the TMPP-NIR could reach 100%, which was higher than the 91.85% and 91.34% of traditional NIR. And the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the TMPP-NIR sensor are all 1.00. The mechanism of TMPP improving the specificity of NIR spectroscopy should be related to the π-π conjugated system and the methoxy groups of TMPP interact with the chemical components of dendrobe. This study reflected that NIR spectrum with TMPP sensor was an effective approach for identifying the geographic origin of dendrobe.
Highlights
Dendrobe is the general name of the medicinal plants from the Orchidaceae family, Dendrobium genus, which mainly includes D. nobile Lindl., D. candidum Wall., D. fimbriatum Hook, and D. chrysotoxum Lindl. [1], and is regarded as high-end medicinal and edible medicinal herb in China [2, 3]
With the development of chromatography technology, it has been applied to the identification of dendrobe [15, 16], like highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and HPLCmass spectrum (HPLC-MS), which can provide a large amount of chemical composition information for the identification of dendrobe origin [17,18,19,20,21]
Near-Infrared Spectrum Sensor of Dendrobe. e average absorption spectra of the dendrobe with or without TMPP are shown in Figure 2. e peak absorption value in the range of 4000–10000 cm−1 was passed through NIR to obtain the composite spectrum of the absorption peak of different types of compounds in dendrobe, such as flavonoids, polysaccharides, dendrobine, and amino acids [36, 37]
Summary
Dendrobe is the general name of the medicinal plants from the Orchidaceae family, Dendrobium genus, which mainly includes D. nobile Lindl., D. candidum Wall., D. fimbriatum Hook, and D. chrysotoxum Lindl. [1], and is regarded as high-end medicinal and edible medicinal herb in China [2, 3]. Ultraviolet spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy are commonly used to identify dendrobe from different origins, in order to reduce the detection cost and increase the detection speed [22, 23], but the specificity of these spectroscopic methods is poor. Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is a commonly used analytical method to study the qualitative or quantitative information of the internal molecular structure of substances. It is a mature method for food and drug analysis due to its advantages of less dosage, being fast, being nondestructive, and high sensitivity [24,25,26]. The accuracy of NIR is still not enough, so it is necessary to increases the accuracy of identification for NIR
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