Tracing the Geographical Origin of Durum Wheat by FT-NIR Spectroscopy.

Annalisa De Girolamo,Antonio Francesco Logrieco,Michelangelo Pascale,Michele Suman,Marina Cortese,Vincenzo Lippolis,Salvatore Cervellieri

doi:10.3390/foods8100450

Abstract

Fourier transform near infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy, in combination with principal component-linear discriminant analysis (PC-LDA), was used for tracing the geographical origin of durum wheat samples. The classification model PC-LDA was applied to discriminate durum wheat samples originating from Northern, Central, and Southern Italy (n = 181), and to differentiate Italian durum wheat samples from those cultivated in other countries across the world (n = 134). Developed models were validated on a separated set of wheat samples. Different pre-treatments of spectral data and different spectral regions were selected and compared in terms of overall discrimination (OD) rates obtained in validation. The LDA models were able to correctly discriminate durum Italian wheat samples according to their geographical origin (i.e., North, Central, and South) with OD rates of up of 96.7%. Better results were obtained when LDA models were applied to the discrimination of Italian durum wheat samples from those originating from other countries across the world, having OD rates of up to 100%. The excellent results obtained herein clearly indicate the potential of FT-NIR spectroscopy to be used for the discrimination of durum wheat samples according to their geographical origin.

Highlights

Durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) is a cereal crop that represents only 8% of the total wheat crop.Different from common wheat (Triticum aestivum), which is cropped in several areas of the world, durum wheat is mainly cropped in the Mediterranean basin—characterized by a relatively dry climate, with hot days and cool nights during the growing season—contributing to about 60% of the world production of this crop
In the light of these results reported in the literature, the aim of the present paper was to report the use of Fourier transform-NIR (FT-NIR) spectroscopy to discriminate durum wheat samples originating from different areas of Italy and to discriminate Italian durum wheat samples from those originating from other countries
The excellent results obtained clearly indicate the potential of Fourier transform near infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy to be last decade, food of traceability has gained increasing interest both consumers and usedIn forthe the discrimination samples from

Summary

Introduction

Durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) is a cereal crop that represents only 8% of the total wheat crop. Different from common wheat (Triticum aestivum), which is cropped in several areas of the world, durum wheat is mainly cropped in the Mediterranean basin—characterized by a relatively dry climate, with hot days and cool nights during the growing season—contributing to about 60% of the world production of this crop. The European Union (EU) is the largest producer and consumer of durum wheat in the world, with production largely concentrated in Italy, Greece, and Spain, together accounting for about 80% of the total EU production. Canada is the second largest producer of durum wheat in the world, and is a major durum wheat exporter.

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