Abstract
Background: Negative symptoms represent a heterogeneous dimension with a strong impact on functioning of subjects with schizophrenia (SCZ). Five constructs are included in this dimension: anhedonia, asociality, avolition, blunted affect, and alogia. Factor analyses revealed that these symptoms cluster in two domains: experiential domain (avolition, asociality, and anhedonia) and the expressive deficit (alogia and blunted affect), that might be linked to different neurobiological alterations. Few studies investigated associations between N100, an electrophysiological index of early sensory processing, and negative symptoms, reporting controversial results. However, none of these studies investigated electrophysiological correlates of the two negative symptom domains.Objectives: The aim of our study was to evaluate, within the multicenter study of the Italian Network for Research on Psychoses, the relationships between N100 and negative symptom domains in SCZ.Methods: Auditory N100 was analyzed in 114 chronic stabilized SCZ and 63 healthy controls (HCs). Negative symptoms were assessed with the Brief Negative Symptom Scale (BNSS). Repeated measures ANOVA and correlation analyses were performed to evaluate differences between SCZ and HCs and association of N100 features with negative symptoms.Results: Our findings demonstrated a significant N100 amplitude reduction in SCZ compared with HCs. In SCZ, N100 amplitude for standard stimuli was associated with negative symptoms, in particular with the expressive deficit domain. Within the expressive deficit, blunted affect and alogia had the same pattern of correlation with N100.Conclusion: Our findings revealed an association between expressive deficit and N100, suggesting that these negative symptoms might be related to deficits in early auditory processing in SCZ.
Highlights
Negative symptoms represent an unmet therapeutic need in the care of subjects with schizophrenia (SCZ) [1, 2]
The authors of this study found that subjects with deficit schizophrenia, as compared to subjects with non-deficit schizophrenia and healthy controls (HCs), had a reduction in N100 amplitude for target tones and topographic abnormalities for standard tones in brain areas involved in the evaluation of motivational relevance of events, auditory discrimination, and memory retrieval [69]
The main results of our study included: [1] N100 amplitude was reduced in SCZ, compared to HCs, while no significant differences were detected in N100 latency between the two groups; [2] negative symptoms, assessed by Brief Negative Symptom Scale (BNSS) scale, showed an association with N100 amplitude for standard stimuli; [3] expressive deficit, but not the experiential domain, was associated with N100 amplitude; and [4] both blunted affect and alogia were associated with N100 amplitude
Summary
Negative symptoms represent an unmet therapeutic need in the care of subjects with schizophrenia (SCZ) [1, 2]. The salience system refers to motivational aspects related to orientation toward salient stimuli (aversive or rewarding stimuli), cognitive activation, and general motivation [8, 46,47,48] Another hypothesis, which has not been entirely supported by previous studies [8], poses at the bases of the experiential domain deficits in the executive control of behavior [16, 49,50,51,52,53]. Factor analyses revealed that these symptoms cluster in two domains: experiential domain (avolition, asociality, and anhedonia) and the expressive deficit (alogia and blunted affect), that might be linked to different neurobiological alterations. None of these studies investigated electrophysiological correlates of the two negative symptom domains
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