Abstract
Peony and Mudan both originated in China. Mudan came after peony, which has been recognized by the academic community and internationally. However, where did peony and Mudan come from and where did they distribute, and what are the similarities and differences between them? There has always been controversy, and there is also a lack of historical documents to support it. This study attempts to clarify and study previous existence of Peony and Mudan and their relationship with Chinese civilization from the perspective of natural history and etymology. This study shows that peony was widely planted or picked in the Spring and Autumn Period 2400 years ago; 2000 years ago in the Han Dynasty, Mudan had been differentiated from peony and evolved into an independent variety. 1400 years ago in the Tang Dynasty, Peony and Mudan were clearly distinguished, especially in the middle and late Tang Dynasty (7th century AD).
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