Abstract
A novel and traceable quantum steganography scheme based on pixel value differencing (PVD) is proposed. In the proposed scheme, a quantum cover image is divided into non-overlapping blocks of two consecutive pixels. Then, by a series of reversible logic circuits, we calculate the difference value based on the values of the two pixels in each block and classify it as one of a set of continuous ranges. The secret image and operator information are embedded in the cover image by using the new obtained difference value to replace the original one. The number of bits of secret image that can be embedded in a block is determined, and the number of bits of operator information is decided by the range of the difference value belongs to. Moreover, when the embedded data is extracted from a stego image, it is not necessary to refer to the original cover image. The performance of the proposed scheme is based on the analysis of several categories of simulation results, such as visual quality, capacity, and robustness.
Highlights
In recent decades, an increasing number of researchers have invested in the field of quantum image processing
To improve the performance of robustness of the existing quantum steganography algorithm, we proposed a quantum steganography scheme based on pixel value differencing (PVD)
We propose a traceable steganography scheme utilizing the novel enhanced quantum representation of digital images (NEQR) model, which hides a secret grayscale image and a bit stream into a cover grayscale image
Summary
An increasing number of researchers have invested in the field of quantum image processing. In 2015, Jiang et al proposed two quantum image steganography schemes based on moire patterns[22] and LSB23, respectively. A scheme based on embedding color watermark image is proposed by Li et al.[32]. To improve the performance of robustness of the existing quantum steganography algorithm, we proposed a quantum steganography scheme based on pixel value differencing (PVD). Because the human visual system has such a characteristic that human eyes are more sensitive to pixel modification of the smooth area of an image than the edge one, the amount of modification that each pixel of the digital image can tolerate is different. Considering the image edge effect and human visual system characteristics, each pixel in the digital image can be tolerated different bits in the PVD algorithm. The proposed steganography scheme divides the cover image into blocks of two pixels that do not overlap. The secret information includes a secret image and operation information, wherein the operation information may include operator information, operation time, etc., that can be used to trace the secret image
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