Trace Metals Accumulation by Green Mussel (Perna viridis, L) Cultured in a Highly Polluted Area of Jakarta Bay, Indonesia

Abstract

Jakarta Bay is a semi-enclosed bay, and is connected to the Java sea. The bay is bordered by two capes, Tanjung Pasir in the west and Tanjung Karawang in the east, and administratively within three provinces i.e., Banten Province, the capital city Special region of Jakarta, and West Java Province. The waters of the bay have been profoundly affected by discharge from 13 rivers that fl ow through the three provinces. The bay provides ecological services ranging from port industry, shipping, and tourist to fi shery sectors. A fi shery has long been a major income for local coastal communities. Cultures of green mussel were started in early 1980s, and in the last 20 years the green mussel’s culture area has expanded both in the eastern and western part of the bay. Green mussel (Perna viridis Lin.) is an important source for daily consumption and economic income. Traditional farming extends from two to six miles offshore and involves a number of 18,152 fi sher families. Traditionally the mussels have been farmed in bagan, a bamboo fl oating structure with 3-meters deep ropes system. It is estimated there are more than 3,410 bagans that streach from east to west coast of Jakarta Bay (DP2K-DKI 2003). Daily mussel’s harvest is estimated 120-175 ton per day and marketed around Greater Jakarta Area, Banten and West Java provinces. However in the last decades, domestic and industrial pollution strongly infl uence Jakarta Bay water quality. International Conference Hubs, Harbours and Deltas in Southeast Asia: Multidisciplinary and Intercultural Perspectives Royal Academy of Overseas Sciences Phnom Penh, 6-8 February 2006. Hal. 525-536