Abstract
The concentration of lead in fresh-water samples from the southern shoreline of Lake Michigan was analyzed and compared using two different cell-stands: Controlled Growth Mercury Electrode (CGME) and voltammetry cell stand with disk type gold electrode. Clearly visible Lead (II) peaks at -395 mV and 130 mV were obtained with CGME and Au electrodes respectively using anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) technique [1-4]. Sensitivity, reproducibility, and ease of usage are compared and reported for each method. While the measured lead concentration was 2.4 ppb using CGME set-up a closely similar concentration of 2.7 ppb was obtained with the gold disk electrode set-up. The sensitivity obtained from the standard addition curve using the gold electrode was over twice that of the CGME. The difference in background currents was attributed to the different electrode materials, bulk diffusion in electrolyte of lead ions, electrode-electrolyte interface and the relative surface areas of the electrode surface. The main convenience associated with the CGME was the fresh electrode surface provided by each new drop, so no further electrochemical cleaning was needed. However, even after repeated polishing of gold electrodes in each run, its inherent sensitivity makes it an ideal candidate for lead determinations with no further requirement of handling the hazardous mercury wastes. Figure 1
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