Abstract
T-cell antigen receptors (TRs) in vertebrates can be divided into αβ or γδ, encoded by TRA/D, TRG, or TRB loci. TRs play a central role in mammal cellular immunity, which occurs by rearrangement of V, D, J, and C genes in the loci. The bat is the only mammal with flying ability and is considered the main host of zoonotic viruses, an important public health concern. However, at present, little is known about the composition of bat TR genes. Based on the whole genome sequence of the greater horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum) and referring to the TR/IG annotation rules formulated by the international ImMunoGeneTics information system (IMGT), we present a complete annotation of TRA/D, TRG, and TRB loci of R. ferrumequinum. A total of 128 V segments, three D segments, 85 J segments, and 6 C segments were annotated and compared with other known mammalian data. The characteristics of the TR locus and germline genes of R. ferrumequinum are analyzed.
Highlights
Vertebrate T cells participate in adaptive immune responses via their diversified T-cell antigen receptors (TRs) on the surface of cells
According to the gene information of mammalian TR loci recorded in the IMGT database, TRA/D loci are usually located in OR10G2 (Olfactory receptor family 10 subfamily G member 2) gene and DAD1 (Defender against cell death 1)
Using the whole genome assembly (GCA_004115265.3) of R. ferrumequinum recorded in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), we identified TRA/D locus (Figure 2)
Summary
Vertebrate T cells participate in adaptive immune responses via their diversified T-cell antigen receptors (TRs) on the surface of cells. TRs are composed of two polymorphic chains, which can be divided into two types: ab and gd polypeptide chains encoded by four loci, TRA, TRD, TRB, and TRG. Each polypeptide chain contains a variable region and a constant region, rearranged by germline V (variable) gene and/or D (diversity) gene and J (joining) gene [1, 2]. Immunoglobulin (IG) and TR loci contain hundreds of germline genes. Humans have 608–665 B-cell receptor (BCR) and T-cell receptor (TCR) genes, and mice contain more than 800 BCR and TCR genes, which can be divided into functional genes, open reading frames (ORFs), and pseudogenes, according to functionality [4]
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