Abstract
The automakers Toyota and Stellantis have both announced plans to establish North American plants for electric vehicle batteries. Over the next decade, Toyota will invest $1.3 billion to build a US battery plant, which should start production by 2025. The company also pledged to spend $3.4 billion in the US on equipment, staff training, and other expenses related to development of electric vehicle batteries. Stellantis, which owns Chrysler, will partner with LG Energy Solution to establish a battery facility with a capacity of 40 GW h. The plant should come on line in early 2024. Stellantis plans to invest a total of nearly $35 billion in electrification through 2025, but it isn’t specifying the cost of the new plant. The announcements by the automakers follow commitments from other carmakers in the US . In September, Ford and SK Innovation announced that they will spend $11.4 billion to build battery plants
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