Abstract
Background Although Toxoplasma gondii infection in immune-competent individuals is usually asymptomatic or causes a mild flu-like illness, it may become severe and can occasionally be fatal in immune-compromised people, such as AIDS patients or pregnant women. Method Electronic English databases (Pubmed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Scopus), parasitology congresses, and theses of Ethiopian medical universities, were systematically searched (published or unpublished data). Full-length articles and abstracts were collected using keywords such as Toxoplasma gondii, Toxoplasmosis, pregnant women, HIV/AIDS, and Ethiopia. Results Analysis of seroprevalence estimates was pooled using a random effects meta-analysis. Seventeen studies were included in the present systematic review and meta-analysis. One of these studies reported seroprevalence of T. gondii in HIV/AIDS patients and pregnant women. In this review, a total of 4,030 individuals were included and analyzed. The pooled prevalence of T. gondii in this review was 81.00% (95% CI = 69.10–89.78). Sub-group analysis showed that 2,557 pregnant women were evaluated. In pregnant women, the pooled sero-prevalence was 71.2 (95% CI = [51.9%, 87.1%]. In HIV/AIDS patients, 1,473 individuals were evaluated and the pooled seroprevalence was 88.45 (95% CI = 80.87%–94.31%). Conclusion This systematic review and meta-analysis identified a high seroprevalence of Toxoplasma infection of 81% among immunocompromised patients. Scaling up prevention and control methods mainly strengthening educational efforts are necessary to avoid reactivation and to stop the spread of T. gondii infection.
Highlights
Toxoplasma gondii is one of the most prevalent obligate intracellular protozoan parasites of man and livestock [1,2,3,4,5]
In Ethiopia, human toxoplasmosis infection is a neglected disease [7]. e prevalence of T. gondii infection in Ethiopia has been reported in some populations; mainly in Human immunodeficiency virus AIDS (HIV) Journal of Parasitology Research
Eight studies described the sero-prevalence of T. gondii in pregnant women, whereas 8 studies reported T. gondii infection in HIV/AIDS patients
Summary
Toxoplasma gondii is one of the most prevalent obligate intracellular protozoan parasites of man and livestock [1,2,3,4,5]. T. gondii infection in immune-competent individuals is usually asymptomatic or causes a mild u-like illness [4], it may become severe and can occasionally be fatal in immune-compromised people, such as AIDS patients or pregnant women [2, 6]. Toxoplasma gondii infection in AIDS patients and pregnant women causes severe encephalitis, and neurologic diseases, and can a ect the heart, liver, inner ears, and eyes (chorioretinitis) [2]. Toxoplasma gondii infection in immune-competent individuals is usually asymptomatic or causes a mild ulike illness, it may become severe and can occasionally be fatal in immune-compromised people, such as AIDS patients or pregnant women. Seventeen studies were included in the present systematic review and meta-analysis One of these studies reported seroprevalence of T. gondii in HIV/AIDS patients and pregnant women. Scaling up prevention and control methods mainly strengthening educational e orts are necessary to avoid reactivation and to stop the spread of T. gondii infection
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