Toxoplasmosis and the risk for psychiatric disorders

Abstract

Toxoplasmosis is caused by a single-celled parasite called Toxoplasma gondii which is an obligate, intracellular, protozoan. T. gondii is found worldwide, being one of the most common parasites. Although these infections are usually asymptomatic, or associated with flu-like symptoms, occasionally they occur during the first few weeks following exposure. However, in infants, in HIV/AIDS patients and in other people with low immunity, the infection can cause a severe illness. Latent toxoplasmosis has been linked to several psychiatric disorders (e.g., schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, personality disorders) and to suicidal behavior. In pregnant women, the infection may cause severe sequelae in the infant, including mental retardation, blindness or epilepsy. Toxoplasmosis is considered one of the most neglected parasitic infections, being declared by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) a public health problem. These infections are neglected because they receive relatively little attention for their surveillance, prevention and treatment.