Abstract
Significant efforts have been invested in the past years for the development of analytical methods for fast toxin detection in food and water. Immunochemical methods like ELISA, spectroscopy and chromatography are the most used in toxin detection. Different methods have been linked, e.g. liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC-MS), in order to detect as low concentrations as possible. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is one of the new biophysical methods which enables rapid toxin detection. Moreover, this method was already included in portable sensors for on-site determinations. In this paper we describe some of the most common methods for toxin detection, with an emphasis on SPR.
Highlights
The great diversity of toxins represents a big challenge when effective detection is needed.Different chemical and physicochemical characteristics of the analytes lead to specific extraction, sample cleanup and detection
In this paper we describe some of the most common methods for toxin detection, with an emphasis on Surface plasmon resonance (SPR)
The electrochemical immunosensors were fabricated by immobilising the antibodies directly on the surface of screen-printed electrodes, and allowing the competition to occur between free aflatoxin M1 and that conjugated with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzyme
Summary
The great diversity of toxins represents a big challenge when effective detection is needed. Different chemical and physicochemical characteristics of the analytes lead to specific extraction, sample cleanup and detection. Specific for individual toxins or groups of similar toxins. Fast and accurate methods are needed in order to deal with the increasing number of toxins of interest. The analyses should avoid large costs and be simple to perform. Faster acquisition of results can be accomplished with portable biosensors, which enable rapid detection outside laboratories
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