Abstract
This study concentrate on the effect of synthetic insulin in laboratory animals, 80 white mice, randomly divided into four main groups of males and females control –untreated, treated as low dose, intermediated dose and high dose, then every group also divided in two subgroups, the first subgroup was given Actrapid and second subgroup was given Monotrade , the tested material was given daily subcutaneously untreated control group .
 The injection was continued until animals were killed after 24 weeks of treatment .Clinical, macroscopical and microscopical studies of experimental mice in comparison with the control group and the result were as follows :
 1- Injected mice showed normal activity, with increase body weight and low food consumption in comparison to controls. On several occasions, there were attacks of hypoglycaemia with coma in treated mice.
 2- Macroscopic examination of treated mice showed presence of several layers of adipose tissue around visceral organs , in peri renal region , in the serosal areas of small intestine , in peri bronchial region, in subcutaneously , peri pancreatic region , splenic enlargement in scattered treated animals ,
 3- Histopathological changes were seen as fatty infiltration / degeneration in the liver, dilated cortical tubules in the kidney and enlarged zona fasciculate of the adrenals. In addition to atrophy and / or depletion of pancreatic islet of langerhans, also extramedullary haemopoiesis and / or atrophy of lymphoid tissue in the spleen, with peri follicular deposits of amyloid in Splenic white pulp and in glomeruli of kidneys of group B. Furthermore, there were evidence of steatitis (focal inflammation of adipose tissue) and enlargement of zona fasiculata in adrenals.
 
Highlights
والأعضاء التناسمية . Introduction Diabetes mellitus is a wide spread disease, all over the world in many countries, it was estimated that up to 300 million people suffer from this disease , mostly due to over feed and lack of proper exercise, in addition, that it is one of the hereditary disease, the number expected to be increase in 2025, especially
مع تضخم الطحال في الفئ ارن المتعرضة الى نوبات متكررة لهبوط السكر في الدم . -3تميزت التغيي ارت المرضية بوجود تنكسات دهنية ،وارتشاح الكلايكوجين داخل الخلايا الكبدية مع توسع في بعض النبيبات الكموية وتضخم في الطبقة الحزيمية لمغدة الكظرية ،فضلاً عن ظمور خلايا الجزي ارت داخل البنكرياس وارتشاح الطحال بخلايا العدلات غير الناضجة والخلايا العملاقة مع نفاذ لمفاوي شديد لمب الابيض وكذلك ترسب مادة النشوان في الطحال والكمى لفئ ارن المجموعة Bفضلاً عن وجود طبقات عديدة من النسيج الدهني (وارتشاح قسماً منه بخلايا التهابية ) تحت الكمى ،الطبقة المصمية للامعاء الدقيقة والرئتين والبنكرياس وتحت الجمد
Summary
The mice were divided randomly and into four major groups of 20 mice each (10 males and females) , as low dose , intermediate dose , high( toxic ) dose and untreated control group .Treated groups were again subdivided randomly into 5 males and 5 females (except the control), treated groups were marked as A,B,C for low ,intermediate and high dose respectively while D group was considered as untreated controls .Treated group “ A” , one subgroup of 5 males and 5 females were dosed in equal doses of 0.2 ml of insulin diluted .Solution containing 0.02 IU/ of Actrapid HM while the second group got the same dose of Monotrade HM insulin , both as sub cutanous injection .Group” B” as two subgroups , the first subgroup was injected with 0.2 ml of diluted , insulin solution which contained 0.04 IU of 0.2 ml of Actrapid HM insulin ,mice of second sub group were injected exactly with the same dose of Monotrade HM. Group “ C” , of two subgroups , the first subgroup (of 5 males and females ) were injected sub cutanous of equal dose of 0.2 ml of diluted insulin solution containing 0.06 IU of Actrapid HM, While the second subgroup received exactly the same dose but of Monotrade HM. The forth major group , which was group “ D “ as untreated control of 10 male & 10 female received 0.2 ml daily sub cutanous of distilled water. Average body weights was found and compared with that of untreated control ,that was done weekly for five weeks , in order to know the effect of daily injection of insulin on body weight of animals .Fig[1] Body weight graph for insulin treated mice and untreated controls for five successive weeks , which indicate that insulin treated mice started to increase body weights in comparison to control as the experiment proceed Clinical signs were recorded daily during the six months study period until the end of the study, at the end of the six months period , full post-mortem investigation accomplished .Macroscopic examination was done and the whole internal organs , fixed in 10 % buffered formalin after fixation trimming was done and pieces of about 1 cm were put again in 10 % buffered formalin slides for microscopical examination were done according to the methods of [13].
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