Abstract
For a long time, fucoidan has been well known for its pharmacological activities, and recently low molecular weight fucoidan (LMF) has been used in food supplements and pharmaceutical products. In the present study, LMF was extracted from Laminaria japonica by enzyme hydrolysis. The toxicity of LMF in mouse and rat models was determined by many methods, such as total arsenic content, bacterial reverse mutation assay, chromosome aberration assay, and in vivo micronucleus assay. The present findings showed that LMF at 5000 μg/mL exhibited no mutagenicity. It also produced no formatting disruption of red blood cells in vivo. At 2000 mg/kg BW/day there were no toxicological indications. LMF is expected to be used as a safe food supplement.
Highlights
Prior to the 1950s, seaweeds were used as traditional and folk medicines [1]
Fucoidan is the general term for a class of sulfated and fucosylated polysaccharides found in brown seaweed; it was identified by Kylin [2]
The total arsenic in Low molecular weight fucoidan (LMF)-LJ was 6.200 ̆ 2.005 mg/kg, which showed a significant reduction in the concentration of organic arsenic (89.85%), and AsIII and AsV were not detected either (Table 1)
Summary
Prior to the 1950s, seaweeds were used as traditional and folk medicines [1]. Biologically active compounds from brown seaweed, were not discovered until the 1990s. Fucoidan has been well studied concerning its antitumor [5,6,7], antiviral [8], anti-inflammatory [9,10], anticoagulant [11], and osteogenic-enhancing differentiation activities [12] Those activities, are closely related to molecular weight [13] and sulfate content [14]. Drugs 2016, 14, 121 dimethlarsinic acid (DMA), arsenobetaine (AsB), and arsenocholine (AsC) These are significantly less toxic than inorganic forms, such as arsenite (AsIII) and arsenate (AsV) [20,21]. The demand for fucoidan has increased, driven by its use in food supplements, recent bioactive studies of LMF, and the pharmaceutical industry in general. The tests included bacterial reverse mutation assay, chromosome aberration assay, in vivo mouse micronucleus assay, and in vivo rat repeated dose 28-day oral toxicity assay
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