Abstract
Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the toxicity and behavior analysis with the extract of foliose lichen Parmotrema tinctorum against the adult zebrafish. Methods: The zebrafishes were exposed to different concentrations of P. tinctorum extract such as 50, 100, and 200 mg/ml for 7 days of exposure, in which the mortality and behavioral responses of zebrafishes were recorded. The standard histopathological examination was conducted with the lichen extracts of P. tinctorum. Results: The results revealed that P. tinctorum extract did not show any prominent behavior abnormalities in zebrafishes even at a high concentration of 200 mg/ml. The extract was found to have dose-dependent toxic to zebrafish and the number of neutrophil cells in the muscle bundles reduced at a high concentration. The results of the inflammatory marker gene expression using polymerase chain reaction results suggested that the dose-dependent suppression of tumor necrosis factor gene by the P. tinctorum lichen extract. Conclusion: Overall, concluded that the extract might contain anti-inflammatory induction properties and further tests are required to prove apoptosis and anticancer activity using other in vivo or in vitro techniques.
Highlights
Parmotrema tinctorum lichen is a rich source of lecanoric acids, orcellinic acids, and atranorin that can be highly active against a vast number of human disorders
LC50 determination of P. tinctorum The lichen extract was subjected to LC50 analysis in the range of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 μg/ml concentrations using adult zebrafish observed for 7 days
The results indicated that there were no mortality and behavioral changes of P. tinctorum extract treated zebrafish up to 10 μg/ml concentration
Summary
Parmotrema tinctorum lichen is a rich source of lecanoric acids, orcellinic acids, and atranorin that can be highly active against a vast number of human disorders. Tamil Nadu, the province of India in Western Ghats, is known for indigenous methodologies of curing diseases using lichen extracts. The rapid multiplication of many numbers of cells of the body tissues leads to the development of cancer in our body system. A number of lichen species extracts which can reveal antiinflammatory roles have been examined, one lichen P. tinctorum is the least known. The extracts in such lichen species exhibit the activity of anti-inflammatory ideally. Zebrafish embryo studies can reveal the possession of anti-inflammatory activity in the P. tinctorum lichen extracts, but it is only after the gene analysis that such activity can be well identified
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
