Toxicity Testing of White Kapul Fruit Rind Extract (Baccaurea macrocarpa) and Component Analysis using Chromatography Method

Kholifatu Rosyidah,Maria Dewi Astuti,Lisda Karmila

doi:10.20527/jstk.v16i1.12178

Abstract

White Kapul was used in this study. This study aimed to determine the toxicity of the white Kapul fruit rind extract and its chemical content analysis using TLC and GC-MS. The extraction method used was gradual maceration, namely technical n-hexane, technical ethyl acetate, and technical methanol. Toxicity test using the BSLT method with Artemia salina larvae at the nauplii stage. The test showed that the LC50 value of ethyl acetate extract, methanol extract, and n-hexane extract was 350.87 ppm, 485.61 ppm, and 735.932 ppm, respectively. Based on LC50 values, all extracts had the potential as pesticides. The third extract of white Kapul fruit rind was carried out by TLC analysis to determine the pattern of its compound content. The results of the TLC analysis showed that each extract had different polarity compounds according to the polarity of each solvent. The most active extract, ethyl acetate extract, was further analyzed using GC-MS. There were 32 peak compounds at a retention time of 25.384 to 65.725 minutes in GC-MS analysis. Four compounds with the largest percentage area were gynoluton (58.09%), 15-chloro-4-pentadesene (16.25%), 17- (acetyloxy) -2-methyl-, (2α.,5α ,17β) - estra-3-on (6.07%), and methyl-11-octadesenoate (5.98%). Keywords: Baccaurea macrocarpa, Euphorbiaceae, TLC, toxicity, BSLT, GC-MS

Highlights

The kapul fruit is a seasonal fruit that is indigenous to Kalimantan
The Kapul fruit was first separated from the pulp, the rind of the fruit was chopped into small pieces to speed up the drying process and dried for 7 days
The rind of the kapul fruit was grounded using a blender until it became a powder, weighed and stored in a container

Summary

Introduction

The kapul fruit is a seasonal fruit that is indigenous to Kalimantan. Kapul fruit is not farmed and is typically harvested in the wild. According to Antarlina (2009), several Kalimantan fruits naturally grow in the neighboring yards, while some are forest plants (located in the forest). Fruit can be consumed as part of a healthy lifestyle to help overcome health problems such as nutritional and vitamin deficiencies (Susi, 2014). A fruit diet can help boost the body's immunity during pandemic, as fruit is high in vitamins and antioxidant compounds. Astuti et al (2020) discovered that Kapul fruit rind contained significant antioxidant activity. Kapul fruit rind was extracted in stages with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol as solvents. The highest IC50 value in methanol extract was 22.968 ppm, ethyl acetate was 29.741 ppm, and n-hexane was 141.931 ppm, while the IC50 value for vitamin C was 5.019 ppm as a comparison compound

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