Toxicity of the extracellular products ofVibrio damsela isolated from diseased fish

Abstract

In this work we analyzed the pathogenic in vivo and in vitro activities for both fish and mammals of extracellular products (ECP) of several isolates of Vibrio damsela implicated in disease problems in marine culture. The ECP from all the strains were strongly lethal for fish (LD50 ranging from 0.06 to 3.7 μg protein/g fish) and mice (LD50 ranging from 0.02 to 0.43 μg protein/g mouse), causing death between 4 and 72 h after inoculation. These ECP samples possessed low proteolytic activity without production of caseinase, gelatinase, or elastase. However, most of them showed remarkable phospholipase and hemolytic activity for sheep, human, and turbot red blood cells. In addition, all the ECP samples were cytotoxic for fish and homoiothermic cell lines. The levels of enzymic and cytotoxic activities were clearly associated with the degree of virulence for fish. Moreover, the enzymic patterns of both live cells and ECP evaluated with the API-ZYM system were very similar among the strains, indicative that most of the activities are associated with exoenzymes. The in vivo and in vitro biological activities were considerably reduced after heat treatment (100°C for 10 min), but not totally lost in the highly virulent strains. Although we have demonstrated that the toxicity of the ECP is not directly associated with their lipopolysaccharides (LPS) content, these compounds could confer some heat-stabilizing effect to the toxic fractions. © 1993 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.