Toxicity of selenium compounds to alveolar macrophages

Abstract

Selenium compounds released into urban atmospheres as a result of fossil fuel combustion may pose an inhalation hazard to people. Two chemical forms of selenium produced during coal combustion and present in combustion effluent are selenious acid, H 2SeO 3, and elemental selenium, Se. In an attempt to determine the toxicity of selenium compounds relative to other trace elements, the cytotoxicity of H 2SeO 3 and Se to rabbit alveolar macrophages in vitro was investigated. Macrophages were obtained by lung lavage and exposed in tissue culture for 20 h. Neither selenious acid nor elemental selenium caused cell lysis at concentrations which decreased total cell viability. Selenious acid was an order of magnitude more toxic than elemental selenium. Elemental selenium was similar in toxicity to environmental contaminants such as CdCl 2 and V 2O 5. These in vitro cytotoxicity data can be used to predict the risk posed to people inhaling selenium compounds at levels found in urban atmospheres.