Abstract
Background:The toxicity of building materials can be addressed in the areas of occupational and environ-mental toxicology. In the first case, the harmful effects to workers caused by exposure to a specific substance during building materials production are analysed. In the latter case, the toxic effects of that substance on living organisms is examined.Several studies analysed the environmental impact of concrete production, considering a significant number of concrete constituents and compositions, in order to find ways of minimizing it. However, some of the traditional constituents of concrete may be potentially hazardous, presenting different levels of toxicity, but only a few studies are focused on this area. Still, and in order to reduce the potential environmental impact, studies have already started on the incorporation of alternative raw materials, which may affect concrete toxicity.It is important to develop more concrete toxicity studies analysing different mixes and constituents, in order to identify several ways of minimizing the potential toxicity of this construction material.Objective:Different procedures and results of the leaching tests of Recycled Concrete Aggregates (RCA) from previous studies will be presented and discussed in this paper.Method:The ecotoxicological characterization of materials is based on the analysis of the eluates resulting from leaching tests. There are several researches that apply different experimental leaching procedures according to existing standards and others with some variations in the standard test conditions: particle size, duration of the test, among others.Results and conclusion:The main characteristics of RCA that affect the results of the leaching tests will be identified.
Highlights
BackgroundThe toxicity of building materials can be addressed in the areas of occupational and environ-mental toxicology
Depending on their origin, Recycled Concrete Aggregates (RCA) from Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW) have different characteristics [1]
As mentioned in the Portuguese Decree-Law No 46/2008 [11], the use of recycled aggregates should be governed by the technical specifications defined by the National Laboratory of Civil Engineering (LNEC, Portugal). These specifications indicate that the release of dangerous substances should be evaluated in leaching tests according to European standard EN 12457-4 [12], taking into account leaching limit values established as criteria for the admissibility of waste in landfills for inert waste, non-hazardous waste and hazardous waste
Summary
The toxicity of building materials can be addressed in the areas of occupational and environ-mental toxicology. The harmful effects to workers caused by exposure to a specific substance during building materials production are analysed. In the latter case, the toxic effects of that substance on living organisms is examined. Several studies analysed the environmental impact of concrete production, considering a significant number of concrete constituents and compositions, in order to find ways of minimizing it. In order to reduce the potential environmental impact, studies have already started on the incorporation of alternative raw materials, which may affect concrete toxicity. It is important to develop more concrete toxicity studies analysing different mixes and constituents, in order to identify several ways of minimizing the potential toxicity of this construction material
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