Abstract
We studied the insecticidal effect of plant extracts against larvae of Scyphophorus acupunctatus Gyllenhal (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), an important pest of Agavaceae. In the bioassays, the organic extracts of Argemone mexicana L. (Ranunculales: Papaveraceae), Allium sativum L. (Asparagales: Amaryllidaceae), Bursera grandifolia (Schltdl.) Engl. (Sapindales: Burseraceae), Chenopodium ambrosioides L. (Caryophyllales: Amaranthaceae), Prosopis laevigata (Willd.) M. C. Johnst. (Fabales: Fabaceae), and Tagetes erecta L. (Asterales: Asteraceae), which were individually incorporated into artificial diet at 500 ppm, were fed to 1st instars. The variables studied were larval, pupal, and adult weight, and larval and pupal mortality. The extracts of A. sativum, A. mexicana, P. laevigata, T. erecta, and B. grandifolia reduced larval weight by at least 50%. The greatest larval mortality was caused by the extracts of A. mexicana (53%), A. sativum (43%), and T. erecta (43%), whereas the greatest mortality of pupae was caused by extracts of T. erecta. The results suggest that A. mexicana, A. sativum, and T. erecta extracts have the greatest potential for insecticidal activity against S. acupunctatus. ResumenSe estudio el efecto insecticida de extractos vegetales en contra de larvas de Scyphophorus acupunctatus Gyllenhal (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), plaga importante de Agavaceas. Se realizaron bioensayos de ingestion empleando individualmente los extractos organicos de Argemone mexicana L. (Ranunculales: Papaveraceae), Allium sativum L. (Asparagales: Amaryllidaceae), Bursera grandifolia (Schltdl.) Engl. (Sapindales: Burseraceae), Chenopodium ambrosioides L. (Caryophyllales: Amaranthaceae), Prosopis laevigata (Willd.) M. C. Johnst. (Fabales: Fabaceae) y Tagetes erecta L. (Asterales: Asteraceae), todos ellos a una concentracion de 500 ppm. Los extractos se incorporaron en una dieta artificial, sobre la cual se colocaron larvas del primer estadio del insecto. Las variables evaluadas fueron peso y mortalidad del insecto. Los extractos de A. sativum, A. mexicana, P. laevigata, T. erecta y B. grandifolia, inhibieron en un 50 por ciento el peso larval con respecto del testigo. Los extractos que provocaron mortalidad en larvas fueron: A. mexicana (53%), A. sativum (43%) y T. erecta (43%). Asi mismo, T. erecta fue la especie que produjo la mas alta mortalidad de pupas. Estos resultados permiten posicionar a A. sativum y a T. erecta como las especies mas promisorias con actividad bioinsecticida en contra de S. acupunctatus. View this article in BioOne
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