Toxicity of Mycotoxins from Contaminated Corn with or withoutYeast Cell Wall Adsorbent on Broiler Chickens.

Q H Shang,W R Yang,G G Zhang,S Z Jiang,Z B Yang,Z Li

doi:10.5713/ajas.15.0165

Q H Shang, W R Yang + Show 4 more

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https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.15.0165

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Abstract

This study investigated the effects of feeds naturally contaminated with mycotoxins on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters, carcass traits, and splenic heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) mRNA expression levels in broiler chickens. The efficacy of yeast cell wall (YCW) adsorbent in preventing mycotoxicosis was also evaluated. Three hundred 1-d-old Arbor Acres broiler chicks were randomly allotted to 3 treatments in completely randomized design for 42 d. Each treatment group had 5 replicate pens with 20 birds. The treatments were as follows: i) basal diet (control), ii) naturally contaminated diet (NCD), and iii) NCD+0.2% YCW adsorbent (NCDD). The NCD decreased average daily gain (ADG) (p<0.01) of 0 to 21 d, 22 to 42 d, and 0 to 42 d, and increased feed conversion ratio (p<0.01) of 22 to 42 d and 0 to 42 d. Both the breast meat percentage and thigh meat percentage of the NCD group were significantly higher (p<0.01) than that of the control group on d 21. The NCD group showed significantly increased levels of triglycerides (p<0.05) and cholesterol (p<0.05) on both d 21 and d 42 compared to the control group. However, the NCD significantly reduced (p<0.01) the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) on d 42 compared to controls. Compared with the NCD, supplementation with YCW significantly improved (p<0.01) the ADG of 0 to 21 d and 0 to 42 d, and increased (p<0.01) concentrations of HDL on d 42, and on d 21, and triglycerides (p<0.05) on d 21 and d 42. Supplementation with YCW reduced (p<0.01) the breast meat percentage, the thigh meat percentage, the concentrations of cholesterol (p<0.01) and the low-density lipoprotein (p<0.05) on d 21, and improved (p<0.01) the splenic Hsp70 mRNA expression levels compared with the NCD group. The results of this study indicated that feeding NCD for 42 d had adverse effects on broiler chickens, and that YCW might be beneficial in counteracting the effects of mycotoxins.

Highlights

Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites of various fungi that ubiquitously exist in cereal crops (Bryden, 2012)
Each ingredient had been carefully selected, the AFL, ZEN, FUM, and DON were detected in the basal diet, which may suggest that chicken feeds are extensively contaminated with mycotoxins in China
The common symptom of mycotoxins in poultry is poor growth performance (Chowdhury and Smith, 2004), which results in massive economic losses

Summary

Introduction

Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites of various fungi that ubiquitously exist in cereal crops (Bryden, 2012). Food and feeds have been seriously contaminated with mycotoxins among which aflatoxin (AFL), zearalenone (ZEN), fumonisin (FUM), deoxynivalenol (DON), and ochratoxin A are the most commonly found (Schatzmayr and Streit, 2013). Food and feeds are frequently co-contaminated with two or more mycotoxins, and their synergistic interaction may exert additive effects (Che et al, 2011; Schatzmayr and Streit, 2013). One of the most practical and effective methods to detoxify mycotoxin-contaminated feed is the use of adsorbents. A polymeric glucomannan mycotoxin adsorbent derived from the cell wall of yeast has been shown to counteract some of the deleterious effects of mycotoxins in swine (Swamy et al, 2002a) and chickens (Aravind et al., Shang et al (2016) Asian Australas.

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