Abstract
Houseflies (Musca domestica) is an disease-carrying insect that plays an important role in the spread of disease in humans and animals. One way to control houseflies is using Miana leaves (Coleus blumei) as botanical pesticide. The purpose of this study was to determine the chemical compounds contained in Miana leaf as well as determine the optimal concentration of Miana leaf extract in causing knockdown effect in houseflies. Miana leaf fine powder was soaked with methanol (maceration) for 3 days followed byphytochemical screening (chemical reagents and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrophotometry (GCMS) and anti-houseflies toxicity tests. Testing of methanolic extract of Miana leaves was made in the form of spray using the knockdown method at concentrations of 5%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% and observed in 5, 10 and 15 minutes. The results of phytochemical screening with chemical reagents showed that the extract contained alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins and terpenoids; while the results of GCMS analysis showed 8 bioactive compounds. The results of the study revealed that at a concentration of 30% and 40%, methanolic extract of Miana leaves could result in a knockdown effect that was accompanied by death with a percentage value of 100% in the first 5 minutes of observation. This research shows that methanolic extract of Miana leaves can be used as an alternative to botanical pesticides in controlling houseflies (Musca domestica).
Highlights
Houseflies (Musca domestica) is one of the insect members of the Diptera order
The plant was identified at the Biology Service Unit of Airlangga University in Surabaya to ensure that the plant was a Miana plant (Coleus blumei)
The results of this study indicates that the presence of chemical compounds from the methanolic extract of Miana leaf (Coleus blumei) plays an important role in the knockdown effect in houseflies (Musca domestica)
Summary
Houseflies (Musca domestica) is one of the insect members of the Diptera order (family Muscidae) They are ubiquitous and able to live in all environment; this makes houseflies cosmopolitan insects (Hastutiek & Fitri, 2007). The most common way to control insect pests (flies) is through the use of synthetic pesticides It has a negative impact on the environment (Gaag, 2000), such as accumulation of chemical residues in the environment and food chain that will disrupt the ecosystems (Damalas & Eleftherohorinos, 2011), water and food contamination (Soares & Porto, 2009) as well as pests resistance (Cole et al, 2000)
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