Abstract
AbstractThe effects of glyphosate ([N‐phosphonomethyl]glycine) and triclopyr ([[3,5,6‐trichloro‐2‐pyridinyl]oxy]acetic acid) on the embryonic development of Xenopus laevis were evaluated using Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay—Xenopus (FETAX). Rodeo®, the isopropylamine (ipa) salt of glyphosate formulated without a surfactant was found to be the least toxic, with a LC5 and LC50 of 3,779 and 5,407 mg acid equivalent (AE)/L, respectively. The LC5 and LC50 of Roundup®, the ipa salt of glyphosate formulated with a surfactant, was 6.4 and 9.4 mg AE/L, respectively. The surfactant component of Roundup, polyoxyethyleneamine (POEA), had a LC5 and LC50 of 2.2 and 2.7 mg/L, respectively. Garlon® 3A, the triethylamine salt of triclopyr, had a LC5 and LC50 of 119 and 162.5 mg AE/L, respectively. The LC5 and LC50 of Garlon 4®, the butoxyethyl ester of triclopyr, was 6.7 and 9.3 mg AE/L, respectively. Considering a theoretical worst case scenario when the highest rates recommended for glyphosate (12 L of Roundup/ha) or triclopyr (8 L of Garlon/ha) are applied to water 15 cm in depth, the expected environmental concentrations calculated on the basis of AE would be 2.8 and 2.6 mg AE/L, respectively. The margins of safety (LC5/expected environmental concentrations) for frog embryos exposed to these concentrations would be approximately 2, 2, 47, and 1,312 for Roundup, Garlon 4, Garlon 3A, and Rodeo, respectively.
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
