Toxicity of five Cry proteins against the insect pest Acanthoscelides obtectus (Coleoptera: Chrisomelidae: Bruchinae)

Abstract

The beetle Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say) causes severe post-harvest losses in the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Under laboratory conditions, the susceptibility of A. obtectus to five coleopteran-specific Cry toxic proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Cry1Ba, Cry1Ia, Cry3Aa, Cry7Ab, and Cry23/37) was evaluated. After 30 days exposure, Cry proteins demonstrated high activity against A. obtectus adults (100% mortality). Proteins showed statistical differences in toxicity parameters compared to the control treatment, but the parameters were similar among them, and indicated that the final toxic effects can be observed after the 24th day. The toxic effects on A. obtectus larvae were evaluated indirectly by allowing adults to oviposit on treated beans and recording the emergence of F1 adults. All treatments resulted in a lower rate of successful emergence compared to the control treatment, ranging from 60% (Cry23/37) to 10% (Cry1Ia) reduction in eclosion. Finally, to evaluate the ability of Cry proteins to protect the beans against A. obtectus; the number of beans infested, the number of holes in each bean and bean weight loss were determined 45 days after the treatment. The parameters showed significant bean protection by all Cry proteins analyzed compared to control treatment. Cry23/37 showed the best results, however, results for the other proteins were similar. The proteins belong to different Cry protein families, which suggest that they could be used in combination to increase plant protection without compromising resistance management. Moreover, adult emergence and bean protection results indicate differences among the proteins, which may suggest different modes of action. Our results indicate that the studied Cry proteins can be applied for the control of A. obtectus larvae and adults.