Abstract

An inappropriate diet, particularly excessive consumption of dietary fats and oils, may have a major negative impact on beta-cell function and cause type 2 diabetes mellitus. To investigate this issue, we examined the toxicity of free fatty acid (FFA) compositions mirroring the FFA profiles of various popular edible oils in human EndoC-βH1 beta-cells and in rat islets. For this purpose, we made compositions consisting exclusively of various FFAs in different volumetric percentages mimicking these oils and additionally mixtures of these compositions. Human EndoC-βH1 beta-cells were incubated with different oil compositions and the toxicity, lipid droplet formation, ER-stress, and H2O2 production were analyzed. Compositions with prominent content of saturated as well as unsaturated long-chain FFAs showed moderate but significant toxicity both in human EndoC-βH1 beta-cells and rat islets, however, without further measurable metabolic impairments. On the other hand compositions with high content of medium-chain FFAs revealed no toxicity. A composition with 50% of the very long-chain unsaturated FFA erucic acid caused high toxicity with concomitant peroxisomal H2O2 production. The toxicity of FFAs to human EndoC-βH1 beta-cells was dampened in mixtures of FFA compositions with a significant content of medium-chain FFAs, but not with a significant proportion of unsaturated FFAs.

Highlights

  • Dietary habits can have a major impact on health and may cause obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)

  • To investigate the toxicity of free fatty acid (FFA) compositions mimicking edible oils we determined the activity of the toxicity marker caspase-3, starting with a group of the most important popular oils in human EndoC-βH1 betacells (Fig. 1a) as well as rat islets (Fig. 1b)

  • We examined the toxicity of other FFA compositions that mimic the compositions of further different popular edible oils in EndoC-βH1 beta-cells (Fig. 1c–e)

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Summary

Introduction

Dietary habits can have a major impact on health and may cause obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Numerous studies have examined the effects of dietary oil consumptions on human health; with conflicting results[1,2,3]. A prominent example is olive oil, containing mostly the monounsaturated free fatty acid (FFA) oleic acid, which is thought to have beneficial effects on cardiovascular health and the metabolic state in T2DM3. We, compared the effects of different FFA profiles of thirteen popular edible plant oils and butter on human EndoC-βH1 beta-cells and of selected popular oils on isolated rat islets. We analyzed the toxicity of the former traditional version of old rapeseed oil with its characteristically high content of the very long-chain erucic acid (C22:1). Nowadays it has been replaced due to its toxicity by new rapeseed oil varieties with a very low erucic acid content[5]

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