Abstract
Particulate drug carriers, including liposomes, are recognized as foreign by the cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) and are rapidly removed from circulation following intravenous administration, primarily by Kupffer cells of the liver and fixed macrophages of the spleen. Multiple injections of particulate drug carriers will result in cumulative effects on the MPS and can lead to impairment of this important host defense system. In attempts to target drug delivery systems to the MPS, potential adverse effects to the host as a consequence of MPS impairment must be part of the assessment of risk to benefit ratios for the therapy.
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