Abstract
The toxin content in various life cycle stages of tank-cultivated bullseye puffer (Sphoeroides annulatus) were analyzed by mouse bioassay and ESI-MS spectrometry analysis. The presence of toxin content was determined in extracts of sperm, eggs, embryo, larvae, post-larvae, juvenile, pre-adult, and adult fish, as well as in food items used during the cultivation of the species. Our findings show that only the muscle of juveniles, the viscera of pre-adults, and muscle, liver, and gonad of adult specimens were slightly toxic (<1 mouse unit). Thus, cultivated S. annulatus, as occurs with other cultivated puffer fish species, does not represent a food safety risk to consumers. This is the first report of toxin analysis covering the complete life stages of a puffer fish under controlled conditions.
Highlights
Bullseye puffer fish (Sphoeroides annulatus Jenyns, 1842), known in Mexico as “botete Diana”, is consumed in the northwestern and some central states of Mexico [1,2,3,4]
Takifugu rubripes and T. niphobles have been successfully cultured in Japan, Korea, and China, where the contain low to no toxicity [10,11,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20], demonstrating that toxicity of cultured puffer fish depends largely on their diet
Toxicity was indicated by rear limb paralysis and mild dyspnea
Summary
Bullseye puffer fish (Sphoeroides annulatus Jenyns, 1842), known in Mexico as “botete Diana”, is consumed in the northwestern and some central states of Mexico [1,2,3,4]. Takifugu rubripes (torafugu) and T. niphobles (kusafugu) have been successfully cultured in Japan, Korea, and China, where the contain low to no toxicity [10,11,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20], demonstrating that toxicity of cultured puffer fish depends largely on their diet. This makes cultivation an attractive economic activity. With the increasing interest in this species as a candidate for marine aquaculture in the tropical Eastern Pacific and potential toxicity issues, it is important to determine if this puffer fish is rendered safe and non-toxic under controlled conditions of cultivation
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