Abstract
Nanoparticles have gained substantial attention for the control of various diseases. However, any adverse effect of herbal gold nanoparticles (HGNPs) on animals including human being has not been investigated in details. The objectives of current study are to assess the cytotoxicity of HGNPs synthesized by using leaf extract of Achyranthes aspera, and long epoch stability. The protocol deals with stability of HGNPs in pH dependent manner. Visually, HGNPs formation is characterized by colour change of extract from dark brown to dark purple after adding gold chloride solution (1 mM). The 100 μg/ml HGNPs concentration has been found nontoxic to the cultured spleenocyte cells. Spectrophotometric analysis of nanoparticles solution gave a peak at 540 nm which corresponds to surface plasmon resonance absorption band. As per scanning electron microscopy and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), size of HGNPs are in the range of 50–80 nm (average size 70 nm) with spherical morphology. TEM-selected area electron diffraction observation showed hexagonal texture. HGNPs showed substantial stability at higher temperature (85 °C), pH 10 and salt concentration (5 M). The zeta potential value of HGNPs is −35.9 mV at temperature 25 °C, pH 10 showing its good quality with better stability in comparison to pH 6 and pH 7. The findings advocate that the protocol for the synthesis of HGNPs is easy and quick with good quality and long epoch stability at pH 10. Moreover, non-toxic dose could be widely applicable for human health as a potential nano-medicine in the future to cure diseases.
Highlights
Nanoparticles have gained substantial attention for the control of various diseases
The green leaves were preferred over the Spectroscopic evidence for the formation of herbal gold nanoparticles (HGNPs) comes from the UV–Vis spectrum of the solution taken between the range 400–800 nm
HGNPs solution shows a strong peak at nearly 540 nm (Fig. 2), which might be due to the surface plasmon resonance (SPR), known as quantum mechanical phenomenon of metallic nanoparticles
Summary
Nanoparticles have gained substantial attention for the control of various diseases. any adverse effect of herbal gold nanoparticles (HGNPs) on animals including human being has not been investigated in details. Herbal medicinal plant extracts mediated synthesis of nanoparticles have various advantages over other biological methods such as microbial and enzymatic based processes since it does not require cell cultures and its maintenance and easy to handle for. In present research work we proposed a rapid ecofriendly method for aqueous synthesis of stable HGNPs by the bio-reduction of gold chloride (HAuCl4) using the leaf extract of A. aspera, in pH dependent manner. This herbal plant has been used for synthesis of HGNPs because it contains bioactive compounds like chlorogenic acid, quercitin, chrysin, quinic acid, etc. Cytotoxicity assay has been performed using spleenocyte cultured cells to evaluate any harmful effects of HGNPs, so particles could be applied as nano-medicine to mitigate diseases in future
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